Chapter # 13 ( Monitor OR Display )

You might know about TV (television), monitor is also like TV in its design and shape but, its functions are a little but more than a TV. Whatever we try to find out on computer, it shows the result on the screen of monitor in the form of written or pictures.

Similarly, when we compose English, Urdu or Arabic or any other language on computer, the computer shows the result on the the screen of monitor. There is a button on screen which is used for the purpose of ON-OFF. Monitor also contains some other buttons which are useful in setting of colors and appearances of monitor. Composing of any type can easily be read on screen and you can also increase/decrease its size.

The main source of interacting between you and computer is definitely the monitor. You can operate a computer without interfacing, without disk drives or without different cards but can't without a monitor. Operating a computer without a monitor is just like finding a black in a dark room.

In birth days of computer, the computers were only in the form of some boxes and there were no any concept of monitor at that time. Users of that time computer correct their records according to some specific lights and after printing they find out their mistakes.

In those days, all of working of computers was just like a type writer. When CTR Terminal Tube or Monitor was introduced then it increases the value and importance as well as efficiency of computers. After that invention, it seemed to be the necessary part of of the computer since that time.

Any computer video system consists of following two big things.

1. Monitor OR Display
2. Video Card

Monitor needs a input unit which can provide actions and guild lines. In some computers this function is controlled by mother boards. On the other hand video adapter, video cards and graphic cards also being connected with computers now a days.

Today, color monitors are also available in the market which can display 250 to 1000 different colors. Actually these colors are connected with three different phosphorus and then display colors. Basically there are three colors Red, Green and Blue. These colors are due to signals which send to electroguns and then electroguns send any one of those basic colors to screen (monitor). Those colors transfers in the form of waves from metal conductor and that conductor is known as Sheeto-Mask.

Color monitor is more comfortable as compared to simple black and white monitors. Composing of any type as pictures can also seen on screen of monitor such as people, building, animals and any type of other pictures, movies or games.

Just think a while, if there wouldn't be any monitors available in the world that it might possible that there will definitely a value of computers but it can be said there will be a decrease in interest of people to the computer and that will lead to decrease importance of computer in the world. Therefore, it can be said that a computer is an incomplete without a monitor.   

Chapter # 7 ( World's First IC Chip )

IC means Integrated Circuit (Chip), was invented by an American Engineer of Texas city in 1959. IC is a Semi-conductor and it contains many transistors at a time in it which are combined without wires and that is the ancestor of the modern integrated circuit.

The World's first IC Circuit only contains 6 transistors in it but, later on these transistors were being increased with advanced features of that IC circuit and hence, you can see that in today's computers there are about five and half million transistors in a single computer and in some other computers, the number of transistors are 32 Million with a extra chip attached in mother boards.

In 1969, a Kilo Bit chip was introduced fir the purpose of memory which was the biggest chip of that times. You can simply understand that chip and its bit process by looking at follow;

1 Kilo Bit = 1024 Bit
1 Byte = 8 Bit

So, this chip can store 128 Byte data only, and that was enough for highs speed computers as compared to today's modern ones. In those days. Microsoft Intel Corporation Company made 12 different functions chips for calculators of Japan's Company and then they converted all thos

Those chips were only used for calculators in those times, and could usee 12 in the form of a single chip that was controlled by some specific Programme which could change functions of those chips easily.
This could read guild lines from memory which was controlled by a button on calculator. Hence, its different functions and working on a calculators and reading memories controlled by buttons raised the need of that chip (IC-Integrated Circuit) for computers. So, the scientist started to work on that project. Soon after, they succeeded in that purpose and invented World's First Miro processor
   

Chapter # 6 ( What is Transistor ? )

The invention of transistor played a wide role in evolution of computers because, transistor is a semi-conductor device.

In 1939, William Shockley, Walter Brattaid and John Bardeen invented the might invention of the "TRANSISTOR" in Bill Laboratories. (look at the picture.)

Transistor is a semi-conductor device which, works like a electricity switch is too much better than Vaccume Tubes. Transistor consumes a little amount of electricity and the computers that are being built with transistor technology are also in small size as compared of Vaccume Tubes computers.

In fact, that was the only transistor, by which smaller sized computer had been built by different companies. Today laptop computers which are too smaller in size as compared to others are also faster in speed and runs with a battery system and consumes a little amount of electricity voltage.

Chapter # 5 ( Evolution of Computers )

The research, finding, experiments and earliest inventions by scientist helper directly or indirectly the Amazing invention of today's Computers. Today's modern computers are combination on some "Switches".

Switches?
Switches are comprised of getting knowledge, controlling it and handling binary system data. We must know about these switches in order to operate computers efficiently and effectively. Binary system of computer had proved to be very much beneficial for on-off facility. A good switch is needed for this system.

World's first computers were accompanied by "Vaccume Tubes". These tubes were good for its time in Middle Age of computers but these tubes were not comfortable as compared to switches. Vaccume Tubes were consuming too much electricity voltage and systems were getting too hot after using a little time period. In Big Computers, after every 2 hours a single Vaccume tube became unusable. Therefore, scientists of that time started to find out its substitute or in other words scientists tried to invent something else that could be more comfortable for computers as compared to Vaccume Tubes.

Chapter # 4 ( History of Computer )

Counting system started from ABACUS which was invented by the people of China, leads to the Pascal's Calculator and then Leibnitz's Calculator. During the days of ABACUS and other calculators, many scientists tried their best to invent advance features of those inventions. So, in order to learn about computers and its history, we need to start from the times of ABACUS.

The detailed history of computers is divided into three different stages which are as follows;

1. Dark Age of Computers
2. Middle Age of Computers
3. Modern Age of Computers

Let us learn about these stages and their times and inventions briefly;


Dark Age of Computers:

Dark age of computers is comprised of ABACUS times and this age is from 3000 B.C to 1890.

Middle Age of Computers:
The middle age of computer comprises of the days when calculators were invented and were working for calculations purpose only in the world. The age of these computers is from 1890 to 1944.

Modern Age of Computers:
From 1944 till today, it is said to be the modern age of computers. Now computer has reached its high desire with a high speed of processing data and limited space occupying. Today many types of computers are available in the market and computer has transfered in every field of life, almost in every organization, Government Offices, Banks, Commercial Businesses, Industrial fields or NGOs are also using computers.

Chapter # 3 ( Basic of Calculator / Who Invented Calculator ? )

In 1642, "Blaise Pascal" invented the world's first calculator after researching and experimenting ABACUS.
Pascal's calculator could do only two functions of ;

1. Addition 
2. Multiplication

Soon after, these functions are advanced with Division and Subtractions by an other scientist.



In 1673, G-W-Leibnitz invented advance Leibnitz Calculator which was advance feature of Pascal's calculator. Leibnitz calculator could do following functions.

1. Divide
2. Multiply
3. Subtract
4. Addition

Chapter # 2 ( Early Days of Computer / How to Use ABACUS? )

First of all, in the history of the world, the first computer "ABACUS" was invented by Chinese people for counting purpose in 3000 B.C (Before Christ).

"ABACUS" is just like a frame of strings with little balls attached in it, each balls carries some value. Today in some modern schools a ball frame is provided to students for counting purpose. You can call this "ABACUS". If you want to know more about ABACUS and how to use it read my article of how to use ABACUS here or you can also watch following video for further introduction.

With the help of ABACUS, too duff and too difficult mathematically questions can be solved in just a minutes. ABACUS was used by the people of China in 3000 B.C. By the help of ABACUS, we can solve questions of Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction very easily and comfortably.