Chapter # 11 ( Languages of Computer )

According to the technical point of view there two different types of languages are being used in computers which are as follows;

1. Low Level Programming Language
2. High level Programming Language

Low Level Programming Language is the first type of language that computers understand very easily. Low Level Programming Language is also known as Machine Language pr Assembly Language. High level Programming Language is known as second level computer language. This language is just like English language.

Despite of Low level and High level programming languages, there are another 04 specific languages of computers which are as follows;

• BASIC
• COBOL
• FORTRAN
• ABACUS

Let us, discuss about these specific languages,

BASIC Language:
Actually the word basic is the short form of following words;

B = Beginners
A = All Purpose
S = Symbols
I =  Instructions
C = Code

It is widely used language of computers in the world therefore, it is known as a high level language. This language can be used for high level purposes.

Background of Basic Language:
This language was introduced by John Kemeny & Thomas Kurtz in Darmouth College in 1960. This language proved to be very easy language in little time period and hence, it becomes most favorable language of computer in the world.
Different forms of basic language are available but all of those are a little bit similar to each other. Most common forms of Basic languages are as follows;

• Borland Turbo Basic
• Q-Basic
• G-w-Basic

Q basic type of language is used in DOS and it will open by typing like following formula in run
C:dos) q basic. The usage of Basic language is very much easily. Just look at following examples, these are examples of Basic Language;

Open (new file)                                           alt + f + n
Open (previous file)                                     alt + f + o
Save                                                            alt + f + s
Save As (save with different name)             alt + f + a
Print                                                             alt + f + p

For return just press Esc. button on the keyboard.

COBOL:
COBOL language is also a famous language of computer programming. COBOL is short form of;

Co: Common
B :  Business
O : Oriented
L : Language

COBOL is mostly used for business/commercial purposes in the world.

FORTRAN:
This language is used for scientific purposes and Pascal language is used for educational purposes. The full form of FORTRAN language is as follows;

FOR : Formulate
TRAN : Translation.


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