Chapter # 13 ( Monitor OR Display )

You might know about TV (television), monitor is also like TV in its design and shape but, its functions are a little but more than a TV. Whatever we try to find out on computer, it shows the result on the screen of monitor in the form of written or pictures.

Similarly, when we compose English, Urdu or Arabic or any other language on computer, the computer shows the result on the the screen of monitor. There is a button on screen which is used for the purpose of ON-OFF. Monitor also contains some other buttons which are useful in setting of colors and appearances of monitor. Composing of any type can easily be read on screen and you can also increase/decrease its size.

The main source of interacting between you and computer is definitely the monitor. You can operate a computer without interfacing, without disk drives or without different cards but can't without a monitor. Operating a computer without a monitor is just like finding a black in a dark room.

In birth days of computer, the computers were only in the form of some boxes and there were no any concept of monitor at that time. Users of that time computer correct their records according to some specific lights and after printing they find out their mistakes.

In those days, all of working of computers was just like a type writer. When CTR Terminal Tube or Monitor was introduced then it increases the value and importance as well as efficiency of computers. After that invention, it seemed to be the necessary part of of the computer since that time.

Any computer video system consists of following two big things.

1. Monitor OR Display
2. Video Card

Monitor needs a input unit which can provide actions and guild lines. In some computers this function is controlled by mother boards. On the other hand video adapter, video cards and graphic cards also being connected with computers now a days.

Today, color monitors are also available in the market which can display 250 to 1000 different colors. Actually these colors are connected with three different phosphorus and then display colors. Basically there are three colors Red, Green and Blue. These colors are due to signals which send to electroguns and then electroguns send any one of those basic colors to screen (monitor). Those colors transfers in the form of waves from metal conductor and that conductor is known as Sheeto-Mask.

Color monitor is more comfortable as compared to simple black and white monitors. Composing of any type as pictures can also seen on screen of monitor such as people, building, animals and any type of other pictures, movies or games.

Just think a while, if there wouldn't be any monitors available in the world that it might possible that there will definitely a value of computers but it can be said there will be a decrease in interest of people to the computer and that will lead to decrease importance of computer in the world. Therefore, it can be said that a computer is an incomplete without a monitor.   

Chapter # 12 ( Main Parts of Computer ? )

What is computer? Computer is not only a single machine but its a combination of some basic parts that makes a computer combined. Logically meaning of computer is the state of the art wonderful machine that could solve various problems very quickly with 100% result oriented.

Computer works better only in case when its all main parts should be connected with it and should be in good condition in order to operate efficiently. Today, many institutions have been established for the training and awareness of computers to the students. These institutions are also informing about computer advantages and how to operate it effectively and get quick result.


Today, We'll tell you that how computer can be helpful for you ! what it can do for you !! which tasks can you get by using computers !!! and how it could be helpful for your children in their educational purpose and training. So, definitely your first choice will be to purchase a computer.

Computer is the combination of some main parts that makes a complete set and called as a computer (look at the picture),

Lets introduce you some main parts of computer. A computer contains following main parts. We will only introduce the parts which are basically important for a computer and some those ones which are technically important and attached under computer.

Some Basically Main Parts are as follows;

1. C.P.U ( Central Processing Unit)
2. Monitor
3. Key Board
4. Mouse
5. Printer
6. Scanner
7. Mirco Processor
8. RAM
9. CD-ROOM
10. Mother Board
11. Hard Disk
12. Floppy Drive Disk
13. CD-Drive

Chapter # 11 ( Languages of Computer )

According to the technical point of view there two different types of languages are being used in computers which are as follows;

1. Low Level Programming Language
2. High level Programming Language

Low Level Programming Language is the first type of language that computers understand very easily. Low Level Programming Language is also known as Machine Language pr Assembly Language. High level Programming Language is known as second level computer language. This language is just like English language.

Despite of Low level and High level programming languages, there are another 04 specific languages of computers which are as follows;

• BASIC
• COBOL
• FORTRAN
• ABACUS

Let us, discuss about these specific languages,

BASIC Language:
Actually the word basic is the short form of following words;

B = Beginners
A = All Purpose
S = Symbols
I =  Instructions
C = Code

It is widely used language of computers in the world therefore, it is known as a high level language. This language can be used for high level purposes.

Background of Basic Language:
This language was introduced by John Kemeny & Thomas Kurtz in Darmouth College in 1960. This language proved to be very easy language in little time period and hence, it becomes most favorable language of computer in the world.
Different forms of basic language are available but all of those are a little bit similar to each other. Most common forms of Basic languages are as follows;

• Borland Turbo Basic
• Q-Basic
• G-w-Basic

Q basic type of language is used in DOS and it will open by typing like following formula in run
C:dos) q basic. The usage of Basic language is very much easily. Just look at following examples, these are examples of Basic Language;

Open (new file)                                           alt + f + n
Open (previous file)                                     alt + f + o
Save                                                            alt + f + s
Save As (save with different name)             alt + f + a
Print                                                             alt + f + p

For return just press Esc. button on the keyboard.

COBOL:
COBOL language is also a famous language of computer programming. COBOL is short form of;

Co: Common
B :  Business
O : Oriented
L : Language

COBOL is mostly used for business/commercial purposes in the world.

FORTRAN:
This language is used for scientific purposes and Pascal language is used for educational purposes. The full form of FORTRAN language is as follows;

FOR : Formulate
TRAN : Translation.


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Chapter # 10 ( Types of Computers)

World's first commercial computer Wall Colosis 1500 was invented by a Britian scientist Mr. T.H Flower and design was proposed by Professor Max H.A in 1943.

Today, many types of computers are being introduced in the market and new models have been manufactured. So, according to these different types and models and usages we may divide these types as following.

1. Micro Computers or Personal Computers
2. Super Computers
3. Digital Computers
4. Analog Computers
5. Hybrid Computers
6. Main Frame Computers
7. Mini or Mid-range Computers
8. Laptop Computers
9. Note Book Computers
10. Sub Note-Book Computers

Now, let us discuss above types of computers separately and briefly one by one.

Micro Computers / Personal Computers:
Micro Computers are also known as Personal Computers. This type of computer was first introduced in 1970. This computer was usually used for business/commercial purpose and in educational institutions. Despite of Micro-computers Note-Book computers and Laptop computers are also available in the market.
These computers are very little in size as well as weight. Famous companies which prepare these types of computers are IBM, Apple, Compac, AS, Gateway & Tandy.

Super Computers:
These type of computers are very much faster and 100% result oriented very quickly. These types of computers are being used by people who want to work fastest with quick response. Super computers are very much faster and comfortable as compared to other common computers. Super computers manufacturers are Cray and Fujitsu.

Digital Computers:
These type of computers operates with ON-OFF system. Digital computers examples are digital watches, digital calculators and the instruments of measurement.

Analog Computers:
These computers works on the basis of Signals. Analog computers determines the change  or quantity of different things. Petrol Pump Station, Gas Stations and Speed Meter in cars are some of examples of Analog computers.

Hybrid Computers:
Hybrid computers possesses the qualities of both Analog and Digital computers. Hybrid computers are used for medical / health related tasks such as for measuring patient's blood pressure, temperature etc, we use I.C.U (Intensive Care Unit).

Main Frame Computers:
Main Frame Computer was first introduced in 1950. Actually main frame computer is a big machine placed in a big room and connected with others computers within range of city or area with telephone wires.
Main frame computers operating speed is very fast. This type of computer is usually used in educational institutions, banks, business institutions, air companies, defense and in atomic research centers.

Mini OR Mid-Range Computers:
This type of computer was first introduced in 1960. In first days of Mini Computer it was used for the purpose of scientific and engineering research but later on, it was also used for educational purpose. Following famous companies prepare mini computers.

• DAS
• NCR
• Hewllet Packard
• Data General
• Wang
• IBM

Laptop Computers:
These type of computers are too smaller in size as compared to others computers and usually size is 9*12*12 and weight approximately 7 pounds. Today, many companies are introducing big screens for laptops like desktop monitor screens. Now, laptop computers contain sound systems, CD-Room and also a huge RAM (Random Access Memory). Laptop computers are very much comfortable for the people who want to took it to home from their offices.

Note Book Computers:
Note book computers are small in size and weight. This type of computers are usually weight is 5 to 7 pounds approximately. Some note book computers are also equipped with sound system and CD-Room, Hard drive and memory. Note Book computers can be taken to here and there very easily therefore, these types of computers are very famous due to their that qualities.

Sub Note Book Computers:
These computers are smaller in the size than laptop as well as note book computers. This computer usually contains 4 to 5 pound weight. It is very much comfortable for the people who wish to use computer while travelling. Sub Note Book computers are equipped with Floppy Drive and there is not any CD-Room in it. Due to their smallest size as compared to others, these are expensive one.

Chapter # 9 Computer Ancestors' Inventions ( Punch Cards / Mechanical Computer )

An American scientist "Hollerith" invented "Punch Cards" for the purpose of data processing in computers. His punch cards were used in America in that times only.

In 1930, an other scientist "Bush" invented a world's first "Mechanical Computer" which was used for simple calculations. After that, Howard Aiken invented "Auto-Mechanical Computer System" for computers which were connected with Hollerith punch cards and that were proved to be a good computer in that times.

There are another two famous scientist who played their wide role in development of today's stat of art computers. A German Mathematician John Van Newman (1903-1957) and Britain Mathematician Alen Mathison Turing (1912-1952) who introduced some logical and Arithmetical helps in developing a fast and powerful computers.

Despite of all of above scientists and mathematicians, there was a Muslim Scientist "AL-KHWARIZMI" who was also known as the Father of Mathematics, provided the basic theories of calculations, counting, arithmetic, and guild lines and hence computers were invented upon his theories and guild lines.

These were the scientists who work day and night and changes the ;life of humanbeing by introducing computers. We must salute their hardworking and should try to research on technology field. Nothing is impossible in the world, may be we could invent a new type of computer/technology after researching on previous theories, facts, studies, research and findings of science ancestors. 

World First Computer Programmer ?

Ada Augusta was the special partner of Charles Babbage. She become world;s first programmer after introducing   first program for Charles Babbage's computer "Difference Engine"

Chapter # 8 ( Who is the Father of Computer? / Difference Engine? )

You might heard the famous quote that "Necessity is the mother of invention". So, many people ask me that who is if necessity is the mother of invention then who is father of invention? So, today I am introducing with you a famous British Mathematics Professor & Scientist who is known as the father on invention.

Charles Babbage is the father of computer. He was born in England in 1792 and was a son of a rich banker. Charles invented the a computer named "Difference Engine" in 1821, which was too large and a complicated machine. His machine could do logarithm calculations automatically. Although Charles Babbage's computer was not a good one because, no electricity was invented in that times instead, the invention of today's modern computers are only because of him Difference Engine invention.

Although his invention failed in that times but, later on his failure proved to be a success in later on when other scientists started to invent new computers by following Charles's theory and principals. After introducing first computer by other scientists, they give the title of Father of Computer to "Charles Babbage".

Charles Babbage's computer (Difference Engine) was included of following parts;

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit
3. Memory Story Unit

Above three things in Difference Engine proves that, Charles Babbage introduced a full concept of computer in his times. But unfortunately, due to non-availability of electricity in that time (because electricity was not invented when Charles invented difference engine) didn't provide him further opportunity to work more on that project.